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The Pyramid of Sahure was the first pyramid built in the necropolis of Abusir, Egypt. The pyramid was constructed for the burial of Sahure, second pharaoh of the fifth dynasty c. 2480 BC.〔 Sahure's pyramid is part of a larger mortuary complex comprising a temple on the shores of Abusir lake, a causeway from this temple to the high temple located against the main pyramid and a separate cult pyramid for the Ka of the king.〔 The complex was known in ancient Egyptian as ''(unicode:Ḫˁj-b3 S3ḥ.w Rˁ)'', "The Rising of the Ba Spirit of Sahure".〔 The pyramid complex of Sahure was extensively excavated at the beginning of the 20th century by Ludwig Borchardt and is now recognized as a milestone in ancient Egyptian tomb architecture, its layout defining a standard that would remain unchanged until the end of the 6th dynasty some 300 years later.〔〔 The valley and high temples as well as the causeway of the complex were richly decorated with over 10,000 sq. m (107,640 sq. ft) of fine reliefs that made the complex renowned in antiquity. The high temple is also remarkable for the variety of building materials used for its construction, from the alabaster and basalt floors to the fine limestone and red granite of the walls.〔〔Miroslav Verner, Steven Rendall: ''The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments'', p. 313–324 ISBN 0-8021-1703-1〕〔Rainer Stadelmann: ''Die agyptischen Pyramiden: Vom Ziegelbau zum Weltwunder (Kulturgeschichte der antiken Welt)'', p. 164–174〕 == Discovery and excavations == The first investigations of the pyramid of Sahure were undertaken in the mid 19th century by John Shae Perring and Karl Richard Lepsius who included the pyramid in his list under the number ''XXVIII''. These investigations remained superficial however and no serious excavations of the pyramid took place at the time, due mainly to its state of ruin. The pyramid was entered for the first time a few years later by Jacques de Morgan but he too did not explore it further.〔 Realizing the significance of the pyramid, the egyptologist Ludwig Borchardt undertook extensive excavations of the site between 1902 and 1908, exploring the entire mortuary complex. He published his discoveries in a two-volume study ''Das Grabdenkmal des Konigs Sahure'', "The Funerary Monument of King Sahure", which is still considered the standard work on Sahure's complex.〔 During the excavations, Borchardt discovered the still largely intact architrave of the high temple as well as a group of palmiform columns. He sent some of these columns for exhibition in Germany as was customary at the time, while the rest stayed in Egypt. The columns sent to Germany were to be displayed in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin. However, because of lack of space the columns and other findings from Borchardt's excavations were not displayed before the 1980s, when they were showcased for the first time in the old stables of the Charlottenburg Palace. More recently these were moved to the Pergamon Museum. Borchardt's work was very thorough and a further survey undertaken by Vito Maragioglio and Celeste Rinaldi in the early 1960s yielded no fundamentally new results.〔 In 1994 the pyramid of Sahure was the object of restoration works in preparation of the opening of Abusir to tourists. Surprisingly, these works quickly revealed large decorated blocks buried in the sand.〔 A subsequent excavation led by Zahi Hawass and Tarek el-Awady unearthed 13 finely carved limestone slabs with iconographically and artistically unique reliefs〔 from the upper part of the causeway, an area which had not been investigated in detail by Borchardt. 〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pyramid of Sahure」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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